Proteolysis Totally Explained

Everything about Proteolytic totally explained

Proteolysis is the directed degradation (digestion) of proteins by cellular enzymes called proteases or by intramolecular digestion.

Purposes

Proteolysis is used by the cell for several purposes. They include:

Removal of N-terminal methionine residues after translation.
Removal of the signal sequence of peptides after their transport through a membrane
Separation of viral proteins that were translated from a polycistronic mRNA
Digestion of proteins from foods as a source of amino acids
Conversion of predecessor-proteins (proenzymes, zymogens, prehormones) into their final structures.
Degradation of cyclins at different stages of the cell cycle.

Proteolysis is also used in research and diagnostic applications:

In-gel digestion of proteins after separation by gel electrophoresis for the identification by mass spectrometry.

Digestion of proteins in solution for proteome analysis by LC-MS.

Examples

Examples of serine proteases include:

trypsin

chymotrypsin

elastase

Venoms

Certain venoms, such as those produced by venomous snakes, can also cause proteolysis. These venoms are, in fact, highly-evolved digestive fluids that begin their work outside of the body. Proteolytic venoms cause a wide range of toxic effects, including effects that are:

cytotoxic (cell-destroying)

hemotoxic (blood-destroying)

myotoxic (muscle-destroying)

hemorrhagic (bleeding)Further Information

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